Topical Aloe Vera: Wound healing properties because of Nitric Oxide ?

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Activation of a mouse macrophage cell line by acemannan: the major carbohydrate fraction from Aloe vera gel.
Zhang L, Tizard IR.
Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A & M University College Station 77843, USA.

Acemannan is the name given to the major carbohydrate fraction obtained from the gel of the Aloe vera leaf. It has been claimed to have several important therapeutic properties including acceleration of wound healing, immune stimulation, anticancer and antiviral effects. However, the biological mechanisms of these activities are unclear. Because of this wide diversity of effects, it is believed that they may be exerted through pluripotent effector cells such as macrophages. The effects of acemannan on the mouse macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7 cells were therefore investigated. It was found that acemannan could stimulate macrophage cytokine production, nitric oxide release, surface molecule expression, and cell morphologic changes. The production of the cytokines IL6 and TNFalpha were dependent on the dose of acemannan provided. Nitric oxide production, cell morphologic changes and surface antigen expression were increased in response to stimulation by a mixture of acemannan and IFNgamma. These results suggest that acemannan may function, at least in part, through macrophage activation.


Acemannan, a beta(1,4)acetylated mannan, induces nitric oxide production in macrophage cell line RAW 264.7
Ramamoorthy L.; Kemp M.C.; Tizard I.R.
Dept. of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
Molecular Pharmacology (USA) , 1996, 50/4 (878884)

Acemannan is a polydispersed beta(1,4)linked acetylated mannan with antiviral properties. It is an immunomodulator, and studies in our laboratory have shown that it causes activation of macrophages. Inducible NO synthase is generally expressed after transcriptional induction and is known to mediate some of the cytotoxic action of activated macrophages. Acemannan, in the presence of interferongamma, greatly increased the synthesis of NO in RAW 264.7 cells. This increase was preceded by increased expression of mRNA for the inducible form of macrophage NO synthase. Preincubation with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate inhibited the induction, indicating the involvement of nuclear factorkappaB. These results suggest that acemannan causes the activation of macrophages by increasing the level of NO synthase at the level of transcription.


Nitric oxide production by chicken macrophages activated by Acemannan, a complex carebohydrate extracted from Aloe vera
Karaca K.; Sharma J.M.; Nordgren R.
University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, St Paul, MN 55108 USA
International Journal of Immunopharmacology (United Kingdom) , 1995, 17/3 (183188)

Cultures of normal chicken spleen cells and HD11 line cells produce nitric oxide (NO) in response to Acemannan, a complex carbohydrate derived from the Aloe vera plant. Neither cell type produced detectable amounts of NO in response to similar concentrations of yeast mannan, another complex carbohydrate. Nitric oxide production was dose dependent and inhibitable by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N(G)methylLarginine. In addition, the production of NO was inhibited by preincubation of ACM with concanavalin A in a dose dependent manner. These results suggest that ACMinduced NO synthesis may be mediated through macrophage mannose receptors, and macrophage activation may be accouantable for some of the immunomodulatory effects of ACM in chickens.
 

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