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4. Interactions with Organs
4.1. Liver
One toxicology study in rats found that oral ingestion of 25, 50, and 100mg/kg bodyweight was able to alter liver enzymes and induce histological changes that are known to be adverse. The adverse effects on liver enzymes increased dose-dependently and over time.
4.2. Kidneys
After ingestion of 25, 50, and 100mg/kg bodyweight Bulbine Natalensis in otherwise healthy rats, histological examination of the kidney's tubules (both proximal and convoluted) noted distortions in the architecture which may be indicative of some toxic effects.
5. Interactions with Sex Organs and Fertility
5.1. Testes
After supplementation of 25-100mg/kg of Bulbine Natalensis daily for 14 days rats have increased testicular size, increasing the testicle:body weight ratio from 0.35 to 1 over 14 days at 50mg/kg.
[3] Another study noting increases in testicular size with the same doses found that the epididymis, seminal vesicle, and prostate did not increase in size.
It is also able to increase testicular glycogen content (over time rather than acutely) as well as sialic acid content, protein content, and cholesterol content (all with significant increases on day 1, thus acute).
5.2. Sexuality and Concupiscence
At oral doses of 25-50mg/kg bodyweight, Bulbine Natalensis appears to exert aphrodisiac effects which may be secondary to testosterone. These aphrodisiac effects, when dosed at 25-50mg/kg bodyweight, are more effective than Viagra at 50mg/kg bodyweight.
Surprisingly, sperm parameters such as motility, viscosity, count and morhpology are unaffected at all tested doses of Bulbina Natalensis. Other functions related to sexuality and testosterone, such as increases in penile tumescence and a reduction in refractory period between ejactulations, are also noted with supplementation of Bulbine Natalensis.
6. Safety and Toxicology
6.1. General
Bulbine Natalensis does not appear to alter the profile of red blood cells (a standard toxicology test) in otherwise healthy rats, although it can alter the white blood cell population.
[6] Dosages of 25, 50, and 100mg/kg bodyweight over 14 days can increase white blood cell (WBC) count by 41.9%, 26.1%, and 38.5% respectively.
[6] Levels of neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and lymphocytes decreased while monocytes and platelets increased.
As mentioned in the sections on organs, Bulbine Natalensis appears to adversely affect the structure of the liver and kidneys at dosages used to increase testosterone. The prostate and related 'male' organs do not seem to be as adversely affected though.
A preliminary investigation into humans (poster presentation found here,
[9] financially supported by
Sports Nutrition Research LTD which produced the tested supplement) ingesting 325mg of bulbine natalensis twice daily (750mg total, separated by 6 hours) for 28 days in otherwise healthy men noted a slight increase in ALP (2% while placebo decreased 2.4%) which were deemed to not be clinically relevant.
There appear to be repeated nonlethal toxic effects demonstrated in rodents from one research group based in South Africa, while the lone human study on bulbine (which is financially supported by a producer of bulbine) noted an increase in the liver enzyme ALP which was not to a clinically large degree.
Currently, the histopathological changes that have been noted in rats have not been sufficiently addressed in humans. While 750mg bulbine does not appear highly damaging according to preliminary evidence, a toxic effect cannot be ruled out
